DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS

A simple structure of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) for gas sensing and chemical sensing has been proposed in this paper. Index guiding properties of proposed PCF have been numerically investigated by using finite element method (FEM). From the numerical result, it is shown that the relative sensitivity and confinement loss depend on geomatrical parameters and wavelength. The relative sensitivity is increased by a increase of the diameters of central hollow core and innermost ring holes and confinement loss is decreased with a increase of the diameters of outermost cladding holes. By optimize the parmeters, the relative sensitivity is improved to the value of 20.10%. In this case, the confinement loss of the fiber is 1.09×10-3 dB/m

Classification and prediction of dengue fever from microarray samples by LDA based on PPI network

Modern Bioinformatics tools have a tremendous contribution in gene analysis, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network creation and Drug design. It's been a big challenge to pick out a small subset of informative data from a large microarray dataset and reach on an accurate classification. A successful and precise classification of any disease into its subtype is necessary for successful diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) is the extensive storage containing experimental microarray data. In this research, PPI networks and a common drug is designed for the unique DENGUE samples and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) techniques are applied for the classification of Dengue fever genes into its unique samples. Comparing to PCA, in LDA, LD1 classifies 96.2% while PC1 Classifies 46%. Using LDA, also a prediction is made to predict samples from gene variance. Moreover, LDA predicts approximately 73.21% accurate results. All of the calculation, comparison and gene analysis is performed using R tool and UniHi tool is used for the creation of PPI network and Drug design. Here, a common drug is designed which can be used for all of the sample type of the Dengue fever but in different proportion

DANet: Enhancing Small Object Detection through an Efficient Deformable Attention Network

Efficient and accurate detection of small objects in manufacturing settings, such as defects and cracks, is crucial for ensuring product quality and safety. To address this issue, we proposed a comprehensive strategy by synergizing Faster R-CNN with cutting-edge methods. By combining Faster R-CNN with Feature Pyramid Network, we enable the model to efficiently handle multi-scale features intrinsic to manufacturing environments. Additionally, Deformable Net is used that contorts and conforms to the geometric variations of defects, bringing precision in detecting even the minuscule and complex features. Then, we incorporated an attention mechanism called Convolutional Block Attention Module in each block of our base ResNet50 network to selectively emphasize informative features and suppress less useful ones. After that we incorporated RoI Align, replacing RoI Pooling for finer region-of-interest alignment and finally the integration of Focal Loss effectively handles class imbalance, crucial for rare defect occurrences. The rigorous evaluation of our model on both the NEU-DET and Pascal VOC datasets underscores its robust performance and generalization capabilities. On the NEU-DET dataset, our model exhibited a profound understanding of steel defects, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in identifying various defects. Simultaneously, when evaluated on the Pascal VOC dataset, our model showcases its ability to detect objects across a wide spectrum of categories within complex and small scenes.Comment: ICCD-2

Design and Optimization of Highly Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber with Low Confinement Loss for Ethanol Detection

In this paper, two highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures with microstructure core and cladding have been demonstrated for Ethanol sensing. The microstructure core of both proposed PCFs is designed with supplementary holes in an octagonal formation. We have investigated the relative sensitivity and the confinement loss of the proposed PCF structures employing a full vectorial finite element method (FEM). The proposed PCFs work at a wide transmission band covering 0.8 µm to 2 µm and exhibit high sensitivity and low confinement loss simultaneously. The numerical analysis shows that the circular shape of air holes in the first ring is a more salient attribute for increasing sensitivity and the presence of the square shape of air holes in the first ring shows better performance to reduce confinement loss

The Premium of Hilsa Sanctuary: A Socio-Economic and Ecological Evaluation from the Meghna Estuary, Bangladesh

Sanctuaries are widely regarded as a protected area where fishing has been placed under some restrictions by local, state, regional and national authorities for the conservation and management of fisheries resources. These sanctuaries have a broad array of positive and negative social, economic, cultural and political impacts on fishers. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic and ecological benefits and costs of hilsa sanctuaries to protect single most important hilsa species using Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA). Under the Protection and Conservation of Fish Act of 1950, six sites along the Padma, Meghna, Tetulia, and Andharmanik rivers have been designated as hilsa sanctuaries. Findings of the current study revealed that most fishers perceived production of hilsa and other species were increased as a direct consequences of sanctuaries establishment. However, a considerable proportion of hilsa fishermen was found to have low socioeconomic capital, as measured by monthly income, housing circumstances and asset ownership. During the restricted fishing season in the sanctuaries, these households are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. The government’s compensation scheme is a good example of payment of ecosystem services in an open water fishery; however, this scheme does not include all the affected fishers. It is found that hilsa sanctuaries lead to income loss of the poor fishers which is insufficiently compensated by government support program. To compensate income loss, fishers resort illegal fishing which undermine the success of sanctuary. If the sanctuaries are to function effectively, affecting fishers must be addressed by offering enough compensation schemes so that fishers are able to support their families. Moreover, some fishers believed that a co-management approach involving fishers and government is the possible best management option for operating sanctuaries in a sustainable way

The Premium of Hilsa Sanctuary: A Socio-Economic and Ecological Evaluation from the Meghna Estuary, Bangladesh

Sanctuaries are widely regarded as a protected area where fishing has been placed under some restrictions by local, state, regional and national authorities for the conservation and management of fisheries resources. These sanctuaries have a broad array of positive and negative social, economic, cultural and political impacts on fishers. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic and ecological benefits and costs of hilsa sanctuaries to protect single most important hilsa species using Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA). Under the Protection and Conservation of Fish Act of 1950, six sites along the Padma, Meghna, Tetulia, and Andharmanik rivers have been designated as hilsa sanctuaries. Findings of the current study revealed that most fishers perceived production of hilsa and other species were increased as a direct consequences of sanctuaries establishment. However, a considerable proportion of hilsa fishermen was found to have low socioeconomic capital, as measured by monthly income, housing circumstances and asset ownership. During the restricted fishing season in the sanctuaries, these households are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. The government’s compensation scheme is a good example of payment of ecosystem services in an open water fishery; however, this scheme does not include all the affected fishers. It is found that hilsa sanctuaries lead to income loss of the poor fishers which is insufficiently compensated by government support program. To compensate income loss, fishers resort illegal fishing which undermine the success of sanctuary. If the sanctuaries are to function effectively, affecting fishers must be addressed by offering enough compensation schemes so that fishers are able to support their families. Moreover, some fishers believed that a co-management approach involving fishers and government is the possible best management option for operating sanctuaries in a sustainable way

Development of Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Gas/ Chemical Sensors

The development of highly-sensitive and miniaturized sensors that capable of real-time analytes detection is highly desirable. Nowadays, toxic or colorless gas detection, air pollution monitoring, harmful chemical, pressure, strain, humidity, and temperature sensors based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) are increasing rapidly due to its compact structure, fast response and efficient light controlling capabilities. The propagating light through the PCF can be controlled by varying the structural parameters and core-cladding materials, as a result, evanescent field can be enhanced significantly which is the main component of the PCF based gas/chemical sensors. The aim of this chapter is to (1) describe the principle operation of PCF based gas/ chemical sensors, (2) discuss the important PCF properties for optical sensors, (3) extensively discuss the different types of microstructured optical fiber based gas/ chemical sensors, (4) study the effects of different core-cladding shapes, and fiber background materials on sensing performance, and (5) highlight the main challenges of PCF based gas/ chemical sensors and possible solutions

Green hydrogen based power generation prospect for sustainable development of Bangladesh using PEMFC and hydrogen gas turbine

Bangladesh focuses on green energy sources to be a lesser dependent on imported fossil fuels and to reduce the GHG emission to decarbonize the energy sector. The integration of renewable energy technologies for green hydrogen production is promising for Bangladesh. Hybrid renewable plants at the coastline along the Bay of Bengal, Kuakata, Sandwip, St. Martin, Cox’sbazer, and Chattogram for green hydrogen production is very promising to solve the power demand scarcity of Bangladesh. Hydrogen gas turbine and hydrogen fuel cell configured power plant performances are studied to observe the feasibility/prospect to the green energy transition. The Plant’s performances investigated based on specification of the plant’s units and verified by MATLAB SIMULINK software. Fuels blending (different percent of hydrogen with fossil fuel/NG) technique makes the hydrogen more feasible as turbine fuel. The net efficiency of the fuel cell-based combined cycle configuration (74%) is higher than that of the hydrogen gas turbine-based configuration (51.9%). Moreover, analyses show that the increment of combined cycle gas turbine efficiency (+18.5%) is more than the combined cycle PEMFC configuration (+14%). Long-term storage of renewable energy in the salt cavern as green hydrogen can be a source of energy for emergency. A significant share of power can be generated by a numbers of green power plants at specified places in Bangladesh

Benzene Shape Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Plasma Sensor: Design and Analysis

Abstract A novel benzene core photonic crystal fiber (BC-PCF) is proposed for plasma sensing applications. The proposed BC-PCF parameters have been tuned to gain high sensitivity, high numerical aperture (NA), and low confinement loss, and modality over the extensive variety of 0.7 µm to 1.9 µm wavelength. The explored results for the ideal structure have exhibited the high sensitivity up to 77.84% and negligible confinement loss of 7.9 × 10-3 dB/m at 1.3 µm wavelength. The V-barometer remains under 2.405 over the whole working wavelength. So the proposed BC-PCF is a single mode fiber, which advances the long partition correspondence applications. Furthermore, high numerical aperture (NA) makes the fiber potential candidate in medical imaging applications. The plan of the sensor is to find out the creative potential outcomes in sensing applications

Investigation of highly birefringent and highly nonlinear Hexa Sectored PCF with low confinement loss

A novel design of Hexa Sectored Photonic Crystal Fiber (HS-PCF) with high nonlinearity and high birefringence has been revealed in this paper where core is slotted and filled with Gallium Phosphide (GaP). Finite Element Method has been used for numerical investigation of the proposed PCF along with finer mesh. Different optical parameters like nonlinearity, effective area, power fraction, birefringence, confinement loss and Numerical Aperture (NA) have been explored by proper tuning of Geometrical variables. The investigation shows that, proposed PCF exhibits high nonlinearity of 9.47 × 104 W−1Km−1 at the operating wavelength of 1.4 µm along with high birefringence of 0.259, Numerical aperture of 0.8774 and very low confinement loss of 5.78 × 10−9 dB/m at the optical wavelength of 2.0 µm. Therefore, it is expected that this proposed PCF could be a strong candidate in biomedical imaging, super continuum generation and sensing applications considering polarized light. Keywords: Photonic crystal fiber, Birefringence, Low confinement loss, Nonlinearity, GaP strips, Slotted cor